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Science  .  Technology  .  Future

Bringing Back Chip Manufacturing To The United States Of America

12/17/2024

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House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., signs the Chips and Science Act bill, which would subsidize domestic semiconductor manufacturing and invest billions in science and technology innovation, on the West Front of the U.S. Capitol in Washington on Friday. Photo by Bonnie Cash/UPI | License Photo
The world has been pushing ahead of the United States in many sectors but this is especially evident with chip manufacturing in the U.S, with China leading the way. Lacking in so many areas the United States fell behind if you compare it to the acceleration of China’s chip manufacturing industry. Through my analysis of this pivotal moment in the development of technology and potential economic growth you can see statistical evidence that China has become number one.

The Semi Constructor Industry Association (SIA) SIA members account for nearly 95% of all US semiconductor sales. This concentration of membership could be the cause of lack of expansion, and preventing innovation from happening. The polarity of chips produced abroad in China has created an opportunity for the U.S. to reposition itself as the leader in new semiconductor manufacturing. 

 The demand globally for semiconductors is forecasted to grow at a cumulative rate at 5% annually over the next decade, this is driven by the adoption of technologies including AI, Internet of Things , edge computing, 5G, and electric and increasing autonomous vehicles. With the recent passage of the CHIPS act that will expand domestic semiconductor manufacturing, including research & development with a perk of developing the work force with the 'workforce development' part of the bill. The bill is decried by China as a form of protectionism where the U.S. will distort the market by injecting all this money into R&D while trying to stay competitive on the world stage. China is clearly afraid of the U.S. making a comeback and shoring up production of chips.

​This is currently playing out with the U.S. trying to do everything it can to prevent China’s continued rise in the semiconductor sector. The ban advances and protects U.S. companies through export controls, according to Reuters “ this ban would involve barring the shipment of U.S. chip making equipment to factories in China that manufacture advanced NAND chips.” (REUTERS, 2022). The logic behind the ban is to prevent China from stealing any vital manufacturing schematics and preventing China from using the United State’s own technology against itself as they haven done for many years with other technology. 


Some might say using exports as a way to hamper China’s growth is a strategy that is out of what could be considered fair practice, yet given China’s ability to copy our technology over the last ten years warrants these export controls that should have happened years ago. Does the U.S. have a strategy advantage in the long term by doing this? In many ways yes, by doing so we prevent our intellectual property from being stolen and re-created at a slimmer cost. We need to come up with ways to prevent China while enforcing rules in regards to manufacturing chips.The chips in question are NAND chips which are used all the way from Google to Facebook, giving the ban a significant leverage to American companies. Why this type of ban has taken so long to materialize is a matter of debate, and valid questioning to American national security abroad and domestically. 

This report from BCG was written in 2020 well before the CHIPS act was passed or even considered,  yet it's unknown what the building blocks of the bill are from the report gives spot on information regarding what the U.S. needs to do to seize market share. Any program that is created could double or triple participation in new additional semiconductor manufacturing capacity to meet global expected growth in the market. The figures are projected to grow from 6% to 14-24% giving the U.S. a huge increase in manufacturing capacity and prevent China from becoming the sole world's manufacturer of chips.  

If the U.S. can reposition itself as the leader in chip manufacturing China’s growth can be tamed in a way that gives our country leverage over China and repositions the dynamics of power for the next 50 years. Failure of the U.S. to leverage economic insensitives for chip manufacturers will diminish the U.S. standing economically, and technologically throughout the world. Successful execution of the CHIPS act will give the U.S. a fighting chance and allow U.S. based companies to stay competitive with China and other chip makers around the world. Successful execution will ensure that the chip market is not in the favor of the Chinese government and give the U.S. more leverage and security over chip manufacturing.


Resources
https://www.reuters.com/technology/us-considers-crackdown-memory-chip-makers-china-2022-08-01/ 
https://www.semiconductors.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Government-Incentives-and-US-Competitiveness-in-Semiconductor-Manufacturing-Sep-2020.pdf

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Diving Deeper Into Facebook’s Fact-Checking Policies

2/26/2024

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Facebook’s fact-checking policies have shifted over the last few years to now go through a review process that approves or removes the content from their platforms based on certain criteria that they deem truthful and safe. The ethical theory that will be used in this case is going to be virtue theory by Aristotle and the justice theory being applied is John Rawl’s theory of justice. When looking through the lense of virtue theory you can see that Facebook should keep with the belief that virtue theory argues for, which is the honesty and morality of a person to help aid in their system of moderation. Ways that Facebook can effectively police content while keeping that balance of trusting the fact checkers to have an honest unbiased review of content on their platform. Through the lens of Rawls you can see that justice must be held to fairness and the moral equality of a person, keeping that in mind the decisions made by the moderators must hold fairness and morale for the vital decisions they are making in regards to content.

Facebook started getting more stringent on political advertising and overall posts on its platform mainly because of its role in in-directly aiding in Cambridge Analytica getting troves of Americans data to help swade their vote to Donald Trump. This happened by having advertisements, posts, and fake accounts that helped swade voters on the fence the NYT posted “eager to sell psychological profiles of American voters to political campaigns, acquired the private Facebook data of tens of millions of users — the largest known leak in Facebook history.” (NYT, 2018) just to give this argument some context as to why Facebook is trying to identify and address viral misinformation that lead to major hoaxes that never had any factual information while potentially helping get a president elected that wouldn't have been elected otherwise due to prevalence of fake news on their platform.
Looking at this through virtue theory you can put into question those who are reviewing the advertising content. How would Facebook know that the person reviewing the content is virtuous according to the theory? Proper function would be applied by saying that the ad checking system that Facebook has put in place is good to the extent that it is good and bad to the extent that it is bad. These ad checking would have virtue only by doing the right thing at the right time, basically saying that the judgment that they make on approving or disapproving the content would be virtuous only if it's towards the right people at the right time. If the fact checkers are truly virtuous they would know what to do all the time in accordance to the policy of course, knowing what's right and when would be vital for the fact checkers due to the nature of the job.

The fact checkers would need to have robust character traits to make them virtuous and stay within the sweet spot of the golden mean to remain under virtue not excess or under deficiency - that perfect balance mentioned earlier. John Rawl’s theory of justice used the concept of a hypothetical contract of knowledge and bargaining power. The veil of ignorance eliminates the person features which would aid in the reviewers being less biased towards the cognitive rationality if the post should be allowed or not. The veil of ignorance removing the biases would aid in this system of moderating content without being biased in effect making the system more effective in what it is meant to moderate.
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In order for Facebook to prevent situations like that of Cambridge Analytica the company needs to pay attention to whom they are appointing to moderate these reviews of the content on their platform and how they are moderating it. When Facebook drafts these policies up for future revisions they need to balance the sweet spot of judgment on the content. Just because some reviewers might deem an ad offensive does not make it right to outright sensor the content, but letting it go through a multi-stage review process with complete censorship of the content being the last resort. Facebook needs to learn from their mistakes on not fact checking politicians given Donald Trump used the platform to spread misinformation to millions of people along with a large percentage of Republicans repeating his same sediments to millions around the country this will be a grave mistake to not let the people viewing it that it might be fake or not factual.

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Credits
Confessore, Nicholas. “Cambridge Analytica and Facebook: The Scandal and the Fallout so Far.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 4 Apr. 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/04/us/politics/cambridge-analytica-scandal-fallout.html. ​

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Ai Prediction

10/13/2017

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My predictions on technology and the foreseeable future have always came true and now it's time for me to share my knowledge with my readers and the world.

Let's get started, AI will overtake society unlike anything we have ever seen in our lifetime. We who thought that the internet and the rise of mobile computing changed the way society as a whole worked will be over taken by AI and its affects on the world. The affects will be so significant that we will need to come up with new systems to embrace this new intelligence. This new intelligence will eventually surpass our own which is scary and exciting for a tech junky as myself. 

First let's go over the implications of AI and it will be affecting every aspect of society. AI will be the main component in the supply chain. I'm predicting that at least half of current jobs will be replaced by some form of AI and those jobs won't be coming back. Governments will have to come up with a new system on how to keep people busy and I think it will by making sure the supply chain is maintained and kept smooth for everyone. There will be new job creation and an increase in jobs in the computer science field and those will include an influx of computer scientists.

Secondly there needs to be a new system other then the job based system we have right now. Universal basic income is a great concept that should be taken into consideration due to the amount of jobs that will be lost. I think the biggest hurdle will be getting a bi-patisian effort going and I am thinking mainly on the republican side because of their view on you work for what you need and that includes basic needs like housing, water and food.

​Finally AI will transform our world into something totally different then what it currently is. We will see this in our lifetime and our kids will see the benefits of having a system that is not ran by humans, but AI that is more intelligent and the creativity it will bring out in people. This will allow people to not worry about falling below that floor we put up for them to stand on. No more homeless people, no more people struggling to pay for their rent, dead end jobs, food, water and or basic needs for them and their family. Of course you can work if you want, which is what most people will do because nobody likes to do nothing, naturally humans want something to do to feel like they're worth something.

Will my predictions come true? Only time will tell.
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    Jared Valdez

    Just my outlook on the future of tech and science.

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